Opinion
Why Nigeria Must Take Animal Identification Seriously:
A New Book Review
By Adewale A. Adeyeye, PhD Nigeria’s national security challenges are often discussed in terms of insurgency, banditry, and terrorism. Yet, one persistent and deeply destabilising issue that continues to receive insufficient policy attention is cattle rustling, especially amid insecurity fuelled by farmer-herder conflicts. In a new book, Animal Identification System and National Security:
A Study of North-West Nigeria, Dr. Elsie Uduak Mbuk-Onuwuhafua, FCVSN, mni, makes a compelling case that the theft of livestock is not merely an agricultural problem but a national security emergency, and one that technology can effectively and efficiently help to address.
The book arrives at a critical moment. Across north-west Nigeria, cattle rustling has fuelled violent conflicts, displaced communities, impoverished pastoralists, and strengthened criminal networks.
Dr. Mbuk-Onuwuhafua, a fellow of the College of Veterinary Surgeons (FCVSN) and Member (mni) of the National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS), Kuru, Plateau State, argues that Nigeria’s heavy reliance on military operations to combat this menace, though understandable, has produced limited results.
Her central thesis is simple but powerful: without a robust Animal Identification System (AIS), Nigeria will continue to fight the scourge of cattle rustling blindly.
From the outset, the author situates animal identification within a broader national security framework and demonstrates how AIS, already in use in several countries, can enhance animal surveillance, trace stolen livestock, disrupt criminal supply chains, and support intelligence gathering. Importantly, the book does not treat technology as a silver bullet.
Instead, it frames AIS as part of an interconnected system involving security agencies, ministries, breeders’ associations, and technology institutions such as the National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA).
Drawing on General Systems Theory and the Technological Acceptance Model, the book explains both how AIS fits into Nigeria’s security ecosystem and why its adoption may have been slow.
This theoretical grounding strengthens the book’s argument, moving it beyond advocacy into evidence-based policy analysis.
Data for the study were collected from a wide range of stakeholders, including the Nigerian Police Force, the Military, NSCDC, ONSA, Federal and State Agricultural Ministries, research institutes, and cattle breeders themselves.
This breadth gives the findings robustness, credibility, and practical relevance.One of the book’s strongest contributions is its comparative perspective.
Dr. Mbuk-Onuwuhafua shows how countries such as the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Uruguay have successfully adopted animal identification to improve cattle traceability and curb rustling. The author traces the history of animal identification methods, from traditional branding and ear tagging to modern digital and satellite-based systems adopted in much more developed climes.
African examples, from Kenya to Senegal, demonstrate that AIS is not a luxury of the Global North but a practical solution adaptable to developing contexts.
Also, while acknowledging Nigeria’s endorsement of the 2015 Pretoria Declaration on Animal Identification, the author exposes the gap between policy commitments and implementation.
The launch of the National Animal Identification and Traceability System (NAITS) in 2022 was a step forward, but adoption across the north-west states has remained inconsistent and uneven.
Nonetheless, Katsina State stands out as an exception, of public policy action exploring the possibilities of AIS, while elsewhere security responses remain overwhelmingly militarized.
Consequently, the book argues that Nigeria’s slow progress in fully adopting AIS appears less a matter of feasibility and more a question of political will.Perhaps the most sobering part of the book is its analysis of why AIS has not taken root in north-west Nigeria.
The barriers are many: low literacy among herders, fear that technology could harm cattle, high installation costs, nomadic lifestyles, weak legal frameworks, and limited awareness of the benefits of AIS.
These findings suggest that technology alone is not enough.
Any serious AIS policy must be accompanied by education, sensitization, incentives, legislation, and sustained engagement with pastoral communities.
The book’s conclusion is both cautious and hopeful. Military intervention, the author acknowledges, will remain necessary in the short term.
But without complementary technological and policy solutions, cattle rustling will continue to undermine national security.
A national AIS policy, backed by law and supported by stakeholder education, could shift Nigeria from reactive force to preventive governance. In a country where security challenges are increasingly complex and interconnected, this book is a timely intervention.
Policymakers, security agencies, agricultural administrators, and development practitioners would benefit from reading it. Ending cattle rustling will require more than boots on the ground; it will require technology, data, sensitization, coordination, and political will. Dr. Mbuk-Onuwuhafua has shown us a viable path.
The question now is whether Nigeria is ready to follow it.
Professor Adewale A. Adeyeye writes from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine! at Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, and is Editor-in-Chief of the Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences.
Opinion
A Comedy of Errors of the Framework Il-literati
By Kehinde Bamigbetan
The narrative is simple. On September 24, 2026, the Ministry of Solid Minerals Development issued a press statement on the groundbreaking signing of the Framework of Investment in the solid minerals sector by Nigeria and the United States at the Nigerian Mission in New York, United States.
The statement quoted the Honourable Minister of Solid Minerals, Dele Alake, extensively on Nigeria’s expectations and set boundaries for the conduct of the joint signatories in executing the framework.
The most poignant part of his declaration deserves emphasis: ‘But let me be clear about Nigeria’s ambition. We are not here to remain a source of raw material for values that others create. Our goal is to turn potential into lasting values at home through stronger local processing, new skills, quality jobs and new opportunities for Nigerian businesses”
Witnesses at the event saw that Alake’s patriotic demand excited his guest. US Deputy Secretary of State Christopher Landau showed excellent diplomatic camaraderie by acknowledging Nigeria’s duty to determine its priority in the Framework. He agreed that Nigeria’s demography and economy make it a regional power with huge continental responsibilities, adding that the US would support leveraging the Framework to advance Nigeria’s national interests.
Alake’s advocacy, by historical precedent and contemporary discourse, is as anti-colonial and anti-imperialist as could be. Were the country not festered by “naboobs of negativism”, it should have earned a heroic applause and hosting of red homecoming flags.
But a section of the commentariat, posing as the finest breed of the literati, had barely digested the content before invading the media- print, electronic, digital and social- with tomes and tones of desperate gobbledegook, unleashing its noxious hallucination and nightmarish schizophrenia on the reading public.
Please dismiss the adversarial calculations and manipulations of the firm of Von Batten- Montague, the official agent provocateur of perennial presidential runner and serial loser Alhaji Abubakar Atiku. Its anti-President Tinubu lobby, from waking the Chicago papers to spinning a Tinubu-Trump meeting yarn, is a voodoo ritual of making corpses walk than professional political marketing. With an unprecedented $ 1.2 million budget, Von Batten is set to plunge his principal into a predictable Waterloo.
Let us also dismiss political opponents, Tinubu haters and confessed annihilators of the ruling All Progressives Congress. Their jaundiced, atavistic rivalry to unseat a progressive administration by hook or crook, including through misinformation and disinformation, calumniating propaganda and digital savagery, already places them outside the precincts of objectivity and fair comment.
The segment of our particular concern is those who pretend to diagnose and analyse, that is, engage in what journalists call informed commentary. This genre is critical to the press because it fulfils the Fourth Estate’s role in holding the other three estates to account. Media awards organisations such as the Diamonds Awards for Media Excellence, DAME and Nigeria Media Merit Awards evaluate its quality and celebrate the expertise of its most creative wordsmiths.
The reason is simple. Informed commentary is the unrivalled forte of the literati- writers, rigorous in research and prodigious in elucidation, yet literary in stringing words that taste sweeter than salt.
The golden rule of informed commentary is sacrosanct: facts are sacred, opinions are free! To worship facts with logical reverence is the literati’s exceptional trait, the traction that delivers their ascendancy.
Unfortunately, the tragedy that befell the genre after signing the Framework is that those who violated the portals and platforms of public discourse broke the golden rule by demonstrating zero fidelity to facts.. With selfish obsession to trend and gain folowers, the “illiterati” betrays a lack of preparation and polish for public discourse. The illiterati arrogantly and lazily strut and stroll across platforms, purveying fallacies as logic and falsehood as facts.
To begin, what in global diplomatic parlance is a Framework? Four decades ago, you needed a dictionary; a decade ago, you would Google. Today, ask AI.Gemini told me: “In diplomatic parlance, a framework (often called a framework agreement, diplomatic framework, or conceptual framework) refers to a foundational structure, set of guidelines, or overarching agreement established by negotiating states to manage bilateral or multilateral relations, guide future negotiations, or address complex, long-term issues.
Rather than settling every granular detail immediately, a framework provides the architecture and rules of engagement for ongoing diplomacy.”
If only the illiterati educated themselves, they wouldn’t go gaga all over the media, infecting innocent readers, listeners, and viewers with rubbish like a $700 billion deal. They turned a contextual information about the estimated value of minerals into a transactional contract!
And this is where the comedy of errors titillates. When I told a journalist that his slug insinuating a $ 700 billion deal was a fabrication, he replied innocently that it was just a caption and that the body of the story carried the authentic information! A slug, not a caption, pegs a story, and it is indeed an egregious error that both should differ in meaning.
He wasn’t alone. Unable to resist the temptation to attract readers with the big figure, a few journalists
took the figure out of context, giving the impression that Nigeria signed away all her minerals.
Nothing could be further from the truth. Delivering the keynote address at the just-concluded annual conference of the Guild of Editors, His Royal Majesty Nnaemeka Achebe, the Obi of Onitsha, counselled:
“In the old order, being first was honour. In this new order, being first with a lie dressed as news is a betrayal of public trust, however unintentional.” Wouldn’t it be refreshing to read the corrigenda of such media organisations tomorrow? I am sure all of us who still believe in the credibility of the media will be glad.
But the most notorious are content creators who latched on this ignorance to excite their followers. Their ad hominem fallacy leaves the subject of the Framework and tries to turn Alake’s professional pedigree in mass communications into a liability. They tried in vain to cast a character out of sync with his working environment.
Such impressions contradict the evidence.Such erroneous misunderstanding of public administration conveniently forgets the crucial role of the bureaucracy as the permanent technical corps of government. Alake is professionally supported by a permanent secretary, Engr Yusuf Yabo; directors-generals of agencies such as the Nigerian Geological Survey Agency, Prof Segun Ige; the Nigerian Mining Cadastral Office, Engr Simon Nkom; the Council of Mining Engineers, Professor Opafunsho; and the Executive Secretary of Solid Minerals Development Fund, Hajiya Fatima Shinkafi. Besides, well-groomed aides tracking the strategic implementation of policies, a layer of competent directors who have honed their skills and expertise over three decades are at his beck and call.
With this array of intellectuals, governance is collaborative. Files are referred to specialised departments for interrogation, implementation and decisions are taken based on sound logic and verifiable facts.
Beyond the popular aphorism that journalists are jack of all trades and masters of all because of their professional exposure to all matters of public interest, Alake holds the extraordinary distinction of strategic communications and innovation, crisis management, and visionary leadership.
His political role is to accomplish the manifesto of the All Progressives Congress as encapsulated in President Tinubu’ Renewed Hope Agenda, cascaded to the Ministry as the Seven Point Agenda. In three years, he has delivered key agenda items, including establishing the Nigeria Solid Minerals Company and the Mining Marshals, increasing the registration of artisanal co-operatives, and raising revenues from N6 billion in 2023 to N70 billion this year.
The minister is most passionate about value addition, based on his determination to reverse the colonial baggage of unequal exchange. His advocacy inspired mining ministers in Africa to set up the Africa Minerals Strategy Group and earned him and Nigeria the pioneer chairmanship of that group.
The critics did not only confuse ministerial portfolio with technical consultancy, by presenting the Framework as a kind of sell-out, they display unpardonable ignorance of four decades of Nigeria’s pro-foreign-investor conversation. The Structural Adjustment Programme launched this policy in 1987 and codified it in privatisation and commercialisation laws. This policy guarantees full repatriation of profits to foreign investors and set up free trade zones as tax havens.
The beauty of our mining laws is that they have not thrown the baby out with the bathwater. Illiteracy is not just the inability to read; it also includes the laziness to employ that skill to gather intelligence for public discourse.
The ignorant illiterate have not bothered to read the regulatory regime that the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act 2007 and Regulations 2011 impose on mining companies. They don’t know that no foreigner can legitimately and legally hold a small-scale licence, an exclusive preserve of Nigerian citizens. They don’t know that the traditional authority or landowner must write a letter of consent before a prospective miner can obtain a licence over the area. Such built-in guarantees are beyond the conception and imagination of the illiterate, rendering their competition to outdo each other in poking fingers at the framework a grandiloquent exercise in cerebral vacuity.
Alake has enforced the mining laws to sanitise the sector and promote value addition. With his directive compelling all mining licence applicants to submit local processing plans, the value-addition policy has gained traction and attracted over $3 billion in three years. Lithium concentrates and gold refineries are springing up; the era of pit to port will end soon as raw minerals without value addition can no longer pass through Customs.
As we move into the campaigns for general elections, more controversies are providing opportunities for robust debates. Democracy needs enlightened discourses, not an aggressive parade of ignorance. The lesson from the Framework controversy is the need to understand what we reject even more than what we accept.
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